ABSTRACT
In the specialized database of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), the DISASTER database highlights the importance of the theme for the health sector. The scope of this article is to identify the profiles of technical and scientific publications in the specialized database. Based on systematic searches and the analysis of results it is possible to determine: the type of publication; the main topics addressed; the most common type of disasters mentioned in published materials, countries and regions as subjects, historic periods with the most publications and the current trend of publications. When examining the specialized data in detail, it soon becomes clear that the number of major topics is very high, making a specific search process in this database a challenging exercise. On the other hand, it is encouraging that the disaster topic is discussed and assessed in a broad and diversified manner, associated with different aspects of the natural and social sciences. The disaster issue requires the production of interdisciplinary knowledge development to reduce the impacts of disasters and for risk management. In this way, since the health sector is a interdisciplinary area, it can contribute to knowledge production.
Subject(s)
Databases, Factual , Delivery of Health Care , Disasters , Libraries, Digital , Publishing/statistics & numerical data , HumansABSTRACT
Dentre as bases especializadas da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), a sobre "Desastres" indica a importância do tema para a área da saúde. O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar o perfil das publicações técnico-científicas desta base especializada. A partir de buscas sistemáticas e da análise dos resultados foi possível determinar: o tipo de publicação, os principais assuntos abordados, os tipos de desastres mais frequentes nas publicações, os países e as regiões como assunto, período histórico com mais publicações e a tendência atual das publicações. Ao explorar detalhadamente a base especializada, percebe-se que o número de assuntos principais é elevado, característica que dificulta buscas específicas dentro dela. Por outro lado, é positivo o fato de o tema desastre ser tratado de forma ampla e diversificada, associado a diferentes assuntos das ciências naturais e das ciências sociais. O tema desastre exige produção de conhecimento interdisciplinar para reduzir os impactos dos desastres e para gestão dos riscos. Deste modo, a saúde, por se tratar de uma área interdisciplinar, pode contribuir para tal produção.
In the specialized database of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), the DISASTER database highlights the importance of the theme for the health sector. The scope of this article is to identify the profiles of technical and scientific publications in the specialized database. Based on systematic searches and the analysis of results it is possible to determine: the type of publication; the main topics addressed; the most common type of disasters mentioned in published materials, countries and regions as subjects, historic periods with the most publications and the current trend of publications. When examining the specialized data in detail, it soon becomes clear that the number of major topics is very high, making a specific search process in this database a challenging exercise. On the other hand, it is encouraging that the disaster topic is discussed and assessed in a broad and diversified manner, associated with different aspects of the natural and social sciences. The disaster issue requires the production of interdisciplinary knowledge development to reduce the impacts of disasters and for risk management. In this way, since the health sector is a interdisciplinary area, it can contribute to knowledge production.
Subject(s)
Humans , Databases, Factual , Delivery of Health Care , Disasters , Libraries, Digital , Publishing/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Data on disasters around the world reveal greater seriousness in countries with lower social and economic development levels. In this context, disaster risk-reduction and resilience-building policies are priorities in the sustainable development agenda, featuring among the topics selected for the Rio+20 Summit. By means of a contribution of a conceptual nature and from examples of disasters in countries with different development levels, namely the Haiti earthquake and the torrential rains in the mountain range close to Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, the scope of this article is to demonstrate how socio-environmental vulnerability creates conditions for disasters, while at the same time limiting strategies for their prevention and mitigation. Lastly, some of the measures that disaster risk reduction and resilience-building demand in a socio-environmental vulnerability context are highlighted. These involve changes in the current patterns of social, economic and environmental development geared toward ecological sustainability and social justice as pillars of sustainable development.
Subject(s)
Disaster Planning , Earthquakes , Environment , Rain , Social Change , Brazil , Conservation of Natural Resources , Haiti , HumansABSTRACT
Floods are among the most frequent natural disasters and they affect the lives of approximately 102 million people each year, mainly in developing countries and in major urban areas with a tendency to grow further over the coming decades. The scope of this paper is to provide input for a clearer understanding of these events through the results and experiences to be gleaned from the recent scientific literature. From the Pubmed database, 70 articles were analyzed that fulfilled the criteria to address at least one of the items selected for analysis, namely: 1) causes; 2) consequences; 3) responses and actions: submission of proposals and solutions for the prevention and/or mitigation of the risks and impacts of flooding. Tables for each of the items selected were organized in order to systematize and synthesize the results for causes (attributed to natural and human activities); environmental, infrastructure and services, and health consequences (injuries and diseases classified according to chapters of ICD-10); prevention and mitigation responses and actions. It was concluded that given the scenarios of increased frequency and severity of these events, the challenges facing public health for disaster risk reduction require integrated responses with broad policies for sustainable development.
Subject(s)
Disaster Planning , Environmental Health , Floods , Public Health , Disasters/prevention & control , HumansABSTRACT
Dados sobre desastres no mundo apontam para uma maior gravidade nos países com menores níveis de desenvolvimento econômico e social. Neste contexto, políticas de redução de riscos de desastres e construção da resiliência constituem prioridades na agenda do desenvolvimento sustentável, estando entre os temas eleitos para a Rio+20. O objetivo deste artigo é, através de uma contribuição de natureza conceitual e dos exemplos de desastres em países com níveis de desenvolvimento diferentes, o terremoto do Haiti e as chuvas fortes na Região Serrana (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil), demonstrar como a vulnerabilidade socioambiental cria condições para os desastres, ao mesmo tempo em que limita as estratégias para prevenção e mitigação. Ao final são apontados alguns dos desafios que a redução de riscos de desastres e a construção da resiliência exigem em contextos de vulnerabilidade socioambiental, o que inclui mudanças nos padrões de desenvolvimento social, econômico e ambiental orientados para a sustentabilidade ecológica e a justiça social como pilares do desenvolvimento sustentável.
Data on disasters around the world reveal greater seriousness in countries with lower social and economic development levels. In this context, disaster risk-reduction and resilience-building policies are priorities in the sustainable development agenda, featuring among the topics selected for the Rio+20 Summit. By means of a contribution of a conceptual nature and from examples of disasters in countries with different development levels, namely the Haiti earthquake and the torrential rains in the mountain range close to Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, the scope of this article is to demonstrate how socio-environmental vulnerability creates conditions for disasters, while at the same time limiting strategies for their prevention and mitigation. Lastly, some of the measures that disaster risk reduction and resilience-building demand in a socio-environmental vulnerability context are highlighted. These involve changes in the current patterns of social, economic and environmental development geared toward ecological sustainability and social justice as pillars of sustainable development.
Subject(s)
Humans , Disaster Planning , Earthquakes , Environment , Rain , Social Change , Brazil , Conservation of Natural Resources , HaitiABSTRACT
As enchentes são os desastres naturais com maior frequência e afetam a vida de aproxi madamente 102 milhões de pessoas a cada ano, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento e em grandes centros urbanos, com tendência de aumento nas próximas décadas. O objetivo é oferecer subsídios para uma melhor compreensão destes eventos, através dos resultados e experiências encontrados na literatura científica recente. Por meio de busca no Pubmed foram analisados 70 trabalhos aos quais se teve acesso e se enquadraram nos critérios de abordar pelo menos um dos itens selecionados para análise, que eram: causas; consequências; respostas e ações; encaminhamento de propostas e soluções para a prevenção e/ou mitigação dos riscos; e, impactos das enchentes. A partir destes critérios foram montados quadros para cada um dos itens de análise de modo a sistematizar e sintetizar os resultados para as causas, as consequências ambientais, a infraestrutura, os serviços e a saúde e para as respostas e ações de prevenção e mitigação. Considerou-se que, dados os cenários de aumento na frequência e gravidade destes eventos, os desafios para o setor saúde para a redução de riscos de desastres exigem respostas integradas com amplas políticas para o desenvolvimento sustentável.
Floods are among the most frequent natural disasters and they affect the lives of approximately 102 million people each year, mainly in developing countries and in major urban areas with a tendency to grow further over the coming decades. The scope of this paper is to provide input for a clearer understanding of these events through the results and experiences to be gleaned from the recent scientific literature. From the Pubmed database, 70 articles were analyzed that fulfilled the criteria to address at least one of the items selected for analysis, namely: 1) causes; 2) consequences; 3) responses and actions: submission of proposals and solutions for the prevention and/or mitigation of the risks and impacts of flooding. Tables for each of the items selected were organized in order to systematize and synthesize the results for causes (attributed to natural and human activities); environmental, infrastructure and services, and health consequences (injuries and diseases classified according to chapters of ICD-10); prevention and mitigation responses and actions. It was concluded that given the scenarios of increased frequency and severity of these events, the challenges facing public health for disaster risk reduction require integrated responses with broad policies for sustainable development.
Subject(s)
Humans , Disaster Planning , Environmental Health , Floods , Public Health , Disasters/prevention & controlABSTRACT
As enchentes no Brasil aparecem de forma cada vez mais freqüente e intensa, sendo um desafio para as populações e governantes que enfrentam conjuntamente obstáculos ambientais, sociais e técnicos na tentativa de redução dos seus impactos. No Brasil várias regiões se encontram expostas a condições de vulnerabilidade que potencializam o impacto das enchentes, combinando aspectos sociais, ambientais, políticos, econômicos e culturais. Esta característica das enchentes em contextos vulneráveis torna difícil separar o que é "natural" e o que é "social" neste tipo de evento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar como os Gestores Municipais de Saúde, Meio Ambiente e Defesa Civil e as Instituições Acadêmicas (produção científica) vêm lidando com a questão das enchentes e como vêm se propondo respostas às enchentes (políticas públicas, planejamento, programas de prevenção, combate e mitigação). Para análise das instituições acadêmicas foi realizada uma ampla revisão bibliográfica abordando a relação Enchentes e Saúde Pública. Para o levantamento da percepção dos gestores foram aplicados questionários para os de Saúde, de Meio Ambiente e da Defesa Civil da Região do Médio Paraíba (RJ), com questões acerca do problema das enchentes em seus municípios de atuação. Encontramos uma situação em que, de modo amplo, pouco tem se considerado acerca de dimensões importantes como a vulnerabilidade das populações, a presença dos perigos, a exposição e as incertezas que permeiam o universo dos desastres em geral. Em relação à gestão da Região do Médio Paraíba, encontramos poucas ações de prevenção e combate as enchentes, onde a maioria das ações de mitigação ocorrem após o desastre ter ocorrido...
Floods in Brazil happens lately more often and with more intensity. This creates an immense challenge for the populations and local governors that together face obstruction of all kind, environmental, politic, social and technical, when trying to reduce the impact caused by such catastrophes. Several regions in Brazil are immersed in vulnerable conditions, being them social, environmental, political, economical and cultural, which raise the impact of those disasters. Those regions' vulnerable conditions make it difficult to separate what is "natural" and what is "social" in the consequences of floods. The aim of this thesis was to analyse how the City Councils and their Health, Environment and Public Defence Departments and the Academic Institutions have been dealing with the floods problems and the measures and answers done through political decisions, planning and program for action, prevention and mitigation. To analyse the academic institutions we made a wide bibliographic revision about the relation between floods and public health. To research about how the governors perceive the whole problem, questionnaires about their actions toward the floods were set to the people responsible for the area called "Região do Médio Paraíba", State of Rio de Janeiro. We found out that, in general, little have been considered about important issues as the populations' vulnerability and exposure, the presence of dangers and the uncertainty of the disasters...
